Rather than attempt to pay cash up front for the purchase of a home, many individuals will seek to borrow a majority of the funds needed through mortgage loans. This enables them to spread the sum over a much longer period of time, usually 15, 20 or 30 years. However, after the money has been borrowed, and although payments are still rendered to the original lender, many mortgages are actually sold off to an organization in the secondary mortgage market.

When a person initiates the lending procedure by finding a lending institution and agreeing to the terms of the contract, they are dealing in the primary market. It is here that the principal amount, interest rates, and length of the loan are decided. The details are subject to the stipulations of the bank and the agreement of the borrower.

For a bank, this is a repetitive procedure that is completed for numerous amounts of people or businesses. A loan does not have to be for a housing purchase, but can be made for several different reasons. Doing such slowly eliminates the reserve funds that they have on hand. Over time they can become depleted.

Institutions which function in the secondary market purchase these loans from the primary lenders. The reason that the first lender is willing to sell is because they would like to have more funds on hand to lend to other people. The interest charged on these loans is a means to produce a large portion of their income.

Once purchased, the institution will often bundle together similar home loan purchases so as to create a security to be sold on the stock market. Investors can purchase shares of the securities, which the company hopes will help to offset the risk of defaulting on their payments. These types of products are usually called mortgage-backed securities or collateralized debt obligations, plus a few other names.

The offerings in the secondary market, which many people do not even realize exists, do not place the mortgage loans of the initial borrowers at risk for loss of their home. They do however, put the stock market at risk when the borrower defaults on their payments. It is a complicated process to understand and operate.

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